In 1913, Serbian authorities decided to expel all Greeks living in Serbia. Simultaneously, the Greek authorities expelled all Bulgarians living in Greece. Bulgarians from Macedonia also had to escape due to Greek attacks. These statistics can be found in the book “Türk Dünyasında Soykırım CI”, by author Rahim Cavadbeyli from 2020.
Cited:
“As the 1911 and 1923 population figures reveal, all Bulgarians living in Greece and all Greeks in Serbia were displaced. On June 24, 1913, the Bulgarian population was forced to emigrate from central Macedonia as a result of attacks by the Greek army. Migrations during and after the Balkan Wars brought about extremely significant and large-scale changes in the demographic structure of the Balkans.
Approximately 2,300,000 to 2,500,000 Greeks, Bulgarians, and Turks emigrated from the Balkans during this period. These migrations occurred through forced evacuations, voluntary migrations, or agreements, such as those resulting from war or exile.”
S. Yıldırım, regarding the proportion of Muslims in the Balkans and migration to Türkiye, gave the following statistical figures:
“It is stated that of the population of the region that was taken over by Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians before the war, 4,695,200 were Christians and 2,315,293 were Muslims. In the 1890s, out of 6,337,000 people living in Ottoman Europe, Muslims had a rate of 43% with 3,010,000 people. In addition, according to the 1911 census, 51% of the population in the entire Balkan geography was Muslim.
At the end of the war, 1 million 445,179 (62%) of this number emigrated to Türkiye. 870,114 remained behind. 313,922 of them emigrated to Türkiye during and after the Balkan Wars (1912-1920). In addition to these, 398,849 people came to Türkiye with the Population Exchange Agreement between 1921-1926. It is understood that only 812,000 of those who left survived and reached Türkiye.
Accordingly, it is estimated that 632,408 lost their lives. According to the information given by Hamdi Bey, the Director of the General Directorate of Tribes and Emigrants at the Senate, the number of those who came to Türkiye during and after the 1993 War was 854,870, while those who came after the Constitutional Monarchy and the Balkan Wars were 450,000.
Accordingly, 27% of the Muslim population in the lost Ottoman lands lost their lives in total. Since approximately 35% of the Muslims in this region were deported in general, 62% of the initial 1% population now lives in some way.
According to available data in Türkiye, in addition to the 3 million deaths, there is an additional 1 to 1.5 million Balkan migrations, resulting in a cumulative loss of 4 to 4.5 million. In other words, Turkey’s population, which was 15,821,000 in 1913, fell to 13,093,000 in 1923, despite receiving 1 to 1.5 million in migration.”
Reference
Balkan Academia 