Summary
The Vallona Report (February 25, 1913) is an administrative letter written during the First Balkan War. It describes ongoing unrest in the mountainous border region between present-day Albania and North Macedonia, then part of the Ottoman Empire.
The author, likely an Ottoman district officer named Hafsen Trachting, reports that despite some villages surrendering peacefully, armed groups led by local bandits continued to raid and burn settlements. The villages of Galitchitsa, Glyla, and especially Ushtra suffered heavy destruction, and both Christian and Muslim villagers were displaced.
The report also notes shortages of food and troops, and mentions that German residents in Vallona and Ochrida offered help to the Ottoman authorities. A table attached lists 15 villages, their populations, and the number of houses burned — totaling 7,850 inhabitants and 167 destroyed homes.
Transcribed from the written letter (English):
“Report from Vallona, February 25, 1913
Your Excellency,
Despite the peaceful submission of Cosora and Mavrovo, movements among the mountaineers and the deserters are still frequent. Thus, the group of Ali Goulès, which had been dispersed by the company from Resna, has gathered again and attacked the villages of Galitchitsa and Glyla.
The fire destroyed several houses, and the inhabitants were taken away as hostages.
Commander Gylon, with two sections, was sent to the scene and came upon the bands of Theodosie and Mirkho near Voltsista.
He engaged them in combat, killed eight bandits including their leader Theodosie, and captured three rifles.
The remaining bandits withdrew northward in the direction of Perchinik.
The villages of the region are in a very difficult situation because of repeated requisitions and the constant movement of troops.
Both the Christian and Muslim populations suffer equally.
1°) Ushtra was completely burned during the last expedition against the bandits of the region.
The population took refuge in neighboring villages.
Other villages suffered partial burnings.
There is indeed a very bitter rivalry between the Muslim and Christian villagers, which the bandits exploit for their own advantage.
The Turkish authorities have taken measures to restore order, but they are insufficient.
2°) It is necessary to put an end to the disorder by sending regular troops into the villages and ensuring the safety of the roads.
The Ottoman officers are showing great activity and wish for the return of calm, but they lack means and provisions.
The Germans established in Volona and Ochrida have offered their assistance to the Turkish authorities for organizing supplies and the transport of the wounded.
Their help was accepted with gratitude.
3°) According to information provided by the peasants, the remaining band leader is said to have taken refuge in the forests of Bostanitsa with about fifty men armed with Austrian rifles.
They are attempting to cross toward the Albanian frontier.
I beg Your Excellency to kindly bring these facts to the attention of the Government Council and to order the necessary measures to ensure the maintenance of peace in the neighboring districts.
Please accept, Your Excellency, the expression of my deepest respect.
(signed)
Hafsen Trachting
List of Villages in the Region of Vallona and Their Current Condition
| Village | Inhabitants | Houses Burned | Observations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vallona | 480 | 12 | Population calm – presence of a Turkish post. |
| Mavrovo | 620 | 8 | Submitted – several houses destroyed during the attack of February 14. |
| Cosora | 350 | 0 | Village pacified. |
| Galitchitsa | 410 | 22 | Attacked by the bands of Ali Goulès – heavy losses. |
| Glyla | 270 | 17 | Same – inhabitants took refuge in Voltsista. |
| Voltsista | 540 | 3 | Military post – supply depot. |
| Ushtra | 380 | 80 | Completely burned – population displaced. |
| Bostanitsa | 460 | 4 | Presence of bands in the surrounding forests. |
| Perchinik | 500 | 1 | On the northern road – passage of fugitives reported. |
| Ochrida | 1,200 | 0 | German garrison – no incident. |
| Resna | 950 | 2 | Turkish detachment – patrol service. |
| Theodora | 310 | 6 | Bands recently dispersed. |
| Dragovo | 420 | 9 | Several civilians wounded. |
| Petchka | 280 | 3 | Roads destroyed by rain – difficult movement. |
| Stara | 190 | 0 | Calm – little activity. |
| General Total | 7,850 | 167 | — |
Margin note:
“The figures are provisional — to be confirmed after the return of the patrols on February 28.”
Original transcribed from the written letter (in French):
“Rapport de Vallona, 25 février 1913
Excellence,
Malgré la soumission pacifique de Cosora et de Mavrovo, les mouvements des montagnards et des déserteurs sont encore fréquents. Ainsi, le groupe d’Ali Goulès, qui avait été dispersé par la compagnie de Resna, s’est reformé et a attaqué les villages de Galitchitsa et de Glyla.
Le feu a détruit plusieurs maisons, et les habitants ont été emmenés comme otages.
Le commandant Gylon, avec deux sections, a été envoyé sur les lieux et a rejoint les bandes de Théodosie et de Mirkho près de Voltsista.
Il a livré combat, tué huit bandits dont le chef Théodosie, et pris trois fusils.
Les bandits se sont retirés vers le nord, en direction de Perchinik.
Les villages de la région se trouvent dans une situation très difficile à cause des réquisitions répétées et du mouvement constant des troupes.
Les populations chrétiennes et musulmanes souffrent également.
1°) Ushtra a été entièrement brûlé lors de la dernière expédition contre les bandits de la région.
La population s’est réfugiée dans les villages voisins.
Les autres villages ont souffert d’incendies partiels.
Il existe en effet une rivalité très vive entre les villageois musulmans et chrétiens, que les bandits exploitent à leur profit.
Les autorités turques ont pris des mesures pour rétablir l’ordre, mais elles demeurent insuffisantes.
2°) Il est nécessaire de faire cesser le désordre en envoyant des troupes régulières dans les villages et en assurant la sécurité des routes.
Les officiers ottomans se montrent très actifs et souhaitent le retour du calme, mais ils manquent de moyens et de vivres.
Les Allemands installés à Volona et à Ochrida ont offert leur concours aux autorités turques pour l’organisation du ravitaillement et le transport des blessés.
Cette aide a été acceptée avec reconnaissance.
3°) D’après les renseignements fournis par les paysans, le chef de bande restant se serait réfugié dans les forêts de Bostanitsa avec une cinquantaine d’hommes armés de fusils autrichiens.
Ils tentent de passer vers la frontière albanaise.
Je vous prie, Excellence, de bien vouloir porter ces faits à la connaissance du Conseil du Gouvernement et d’ordonner les mesures nécessaires pour assurer le maintien de la tranquillité dans les districts voisins.
Veuillez agréer, Excellence, l’expression de mon profond respect.
(signé)
Hafsen Trachting
Liste des villages de la région de Vallona et leur état actuel
| Village | Habitants | Maisons brûlées | Observations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vallona | 480 | 12 | Population calme – présence d’un poste turc. |
| Mavrovo | 620 | 8 | Soumis – quelques maisons détruites lors de l’attaque du 14 février. |
| Cosora | 350 | 0 | Village pacifié. |
| Galitchitsa | 410 | 22 | Attaqué par les bandes d’Ali Goulès – pertes importantes. |
| Glyla | 270 | 17 | Idem – habitants réfugiés à Voltsista. |
| Voltsista | 540 | 3 | Poste militaire – dépôt de vivres. |
| Ushtra | 380 | 80 | Entièrement brûlé – population déplacée. |
| Bostanitsa | 460 | 4 | Présence de bandes dans les forêts voisines. |
| Perchinik | 500 | 1 | Sur la route du nord – passage de fuyards signalé. |
| Ochrida | 1 200 | 0 | Garnison allemande – aucun incident. |
| Resna | 950 | 2 | Détachement turc – service des patrouilles. |
| Théodora | 310 | 6 | Bandes dispersées récemment. |
| Dragovo | 420 | 9 | Plusieurs blessés parmi les habitants. |
| Petchka | 280 | 3 | Routes détruites par la pluie – circulation difficile. |
| Stara | 190 | 0 | Calme – peu de mouvements. |
| Total général | 7 850 | 167 | — |
Note en marge :
« Les chiffres sont provisoires — à confirmer après le retour des patrouilles du 28 février. »
