by Isuf B. Bajrami. Translation Petrit Latifi

“If they continue to raise the well-known and old territorial claims to Epirus, then the graves of the Albanian fathers, brothers who fell for the freedom of the Greeks and who have contributed no less than the Greeks to the establishment of the Greek Kingdom will tremble.”

– Jani Vreto

Albanian territories

One of the issues that has not been talked about and is not being talked about is: How much has the partition of 1913 damaged the part that has remained supposedly free within the borders of the existing Albanian state? Is this part of the nation really free? It is not about you just knowing these things, but about realizing a more lively national movement.

You have to write to me and inform, you have to study the books, so you can see the truths that have been denied to us and are being denied to us so unjustly. The main and most urgent problem is that we need to know and tell ourselves and the world in detail how much and how Albania and the Albanians have been damaged by the divisions and the establishment of violent borders between us.

The great disappointment towards the neighbors, for all the blood that the Albanians shed on the altar of their freedom, makes you always remember Byron’s words about Albania: “There is no other country that has been so mercilessly trampled on by neighboring states” (1).

Do you have an autochthonous Albanian territory? What are the real Albanian lands? The author is the specialist and the geographers have explained with their data the size of the Albanian lands. Sami Frashëri said that: “Albania has an area of ​​70,000 km2 (7). The French scholar L. Uelavitch says that: ”The size of the area of ​​Albania is 75,000 km2″‘ (8). Another Albanian scholar T. Selenica gives us an “area of ​​Albania of 80,000 km2” (9).

While the real ethnic borders of Albania, as described by Prof. A. Gashi, are: (Albania)

Western border

On this side, ethnic Albania borders the Ionian Sea and starts from Preveza and ends at the point Skepi i Zi. The length of the edge on this side is 651 km.

North-western border

This border starts from the point Skepi i Zi and ends at Ferro.

North-Eastern Border

This border starts from the north of the village of Shapoja, runs east to the village of Japor, then turns south to the 1548 quota and then turns east again to the Karakoll of Osman Pasha under the 1619 – 1931 quotas. This border line includes the cities of Kursumlija, Prokuplje, Leskoc and Vraj along with their regions and villages.

Eastern Border

The border starts from Gradnica and ends at the confluence of the two rivers Venetika and Vistrica with a length of 342 km. You can also see and watch the air in Balkans (1912), which you can use before you buy the pictures: Gjakova, Prizren, Kaçanik, Vranje, Gostivar, Tetovo, Skopje, Kumanovo, Preshevo, Dibër, Kicevo, Struga, Ohrid, Kruševo, Përlep, Resnie, Manastir, Follorinë, Kostur, Naselicë and Grebenë.

South – eastern border

You can fill it up with everything you need to get up to 180 km.

South border

It includes the sea coast of the Artë Bay. You can have everything on your own and there will be more than 93 km from the starting point of the Artë River and arriving at the city in Preveza.

Within these borders lies Albania, which lies in the southwest of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Adriatic and Ionian sea coasts, from south to north between the Black Sea and the Vraja peninsulas, east of Ferro (10). The Balkan Wars and the London Conference of 1913 fulfilled the dreams of the neighboring states, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, and today’s border is set, which encompasses less than half of the real Albania (11).

Ethnic Albania before the arrival of the Turks in the Balkans occupied an area of ​​about 110,000 km2 (12). During the period of independence of the states of Serbia, Montenegro and Greece, Turkey “forgave” these states about 5,000 km2 of Albanian land (13). This air was born in 1876 – 1877 with Russia, Turkey donated in the interest of the Orthodox peoples of the Balkans about 25500 km2 of Albanian lands (14).

The fund was built in the XIX century in the area of ​​​​80,000 km2 with 2.5 million dollars (15), and the Conference and Conference were held in 1919 – 1920 admitted that the Albanian lands in the years 1912-1913 occupied an area of ​​​​90270 km2 with about 3 million inhabitants (16).

Despite these statements, this Conference allowed the decisions of the Peace Treaty of London (1913) by cutting off from the Albanian ethnic trunk about 80000 km2 that were distributed to neighboring states, so that Albania was left with only about 28700 km2 (17). While according to the State Statistical Yearbook of Albania the area in km2 of the Albanian state is 28748 km2 (18).

According to historical photographs published since early times, the Greeks called Southern Illyria Epirus, as they saw it from the islands (20, 21). It’s not a problem, it’s very important to see the Bohama and the Floridian ”Continent”. A name that has nothing in common with the nationality of the peoples living there. In the part dedicated to Greece, Strabo does not mention Epirus, but treats Illyria and Macedonia together. “

After the Epirotes and Illyrians, he says, come the Greek tribes” (22, 23). According to the Iliad, these ”barbarian” non-Hellenic tribes were not part of the League against Troy (24). Macedonia and Epirus had a common non-Hellenic language, say Strabo and Plutarch (25).

“The Epirotes and Macedonians, reinforces the German scholar Hahn (26), were tribes close to each other or of common origin”. Skanderbeg said: ”If the chronicles do not lie, we are called Epirotes” while Barleti called Skanderbeg ”Prince of the Epirotes” (27). While Pyrrhus was called “The Eagle” (28).

“In ancient times, only non-Greek peoples lived in Epirus,” wrote Tumman, “who spoke the Macedonian language or, what is the same, the Illyrian language” (29). Aristotle in his work “Politics” (30) pays special attention to the Constitution of Epirus (31), as different from the Hellenic one. Skylak (32) and anciently mentioning Ambracia (33) says: “…from here begins Hellas” (34).

Aristotle writes about the island of Diomedes (35) in the Adriatic Sea that: “…when the Hellenes come here…” and later: “…when the barbarians who live nearby come…”. All early Greek authors call the language of Epirus Pelasgian, not Greek. No document or historian mentions interpreters in negotiations between “barbarian” peoples. Since they understood each other almost in the same non-Hellenic language.

The roots of the old words of Epirus were not known to the Greeks, because they were from the time of the most ancient Pelasgians with whom the Greeks mixed language and culture (36).

There is no historical study here, Martin PN Nilson (37) said: “Epirus from every inclination comes out non-Greek”. The Byzantine emperor of the 10th century Leo the Wise (38) says that: “The inhabitants of Epirus are Albanians”. The scholar Lyber (39) writes that: “The island of Corfu was originally inhabited by Illyrians”.

The Byzantine chronicler of the 11th century so much so that the 12th century Byzantine chronicler cynically sent his Albanian son-in-law Gjin Bue Shpatës, who was threateningly besieging him, as a gift “baskets with gouged out Albanian eyes”. However, the Ottomans, careful in their records, called Ioannina Albanian land when they conquered it in 1431. Thus they write Delvinë, Grebenë, etc. and not Dhelvinon, Grevena, etc. as a second language (41).

Byron, upon arriving in Preveza, writes: “Albania, let me turn my eyes upon you, O stern mother of harsh men.” He continues: “O Albania, where Alexander was born…” Duke and his wife let me know October 31, 1809 in Shenon: “Ioannina – Albania.” He further describes his arrival: “First I landed in Albania, the ancient Epirus, where we entered near the mountain of Tomorr…we traveled between Illyria and Chaonia…” In his poem about the Albanians, Byron writes of one of the well-known tribes: “And who is braver than the dark Sulioti”; further: “The dawn rises, with it the shores of stern Albania rise, the rocks of Sul” (42).

Dr. Holland in 1812 – 1813 notes in his notes: “Travels in the Ionian Islands, Albania”. “I entered Epirus in the interior of Albania”, writes the famous painter Lewis. In his drawings, the painter I. Leich notes among others: “Ioannina, the capital of Albania; The city and castle of Paramythia – Albania; The tomb of Ali Tepelena – Ioannina, Albania; The castle of Parga – Albania; The valley of Sulis – Albania”, etc. high, which ruled the course of the Acheron river”. For such people Byron continues: “…there is something inherited from antiquity, something epic from the time of Pyrrhus” (43).

In the book “Guide for travelers in Greece” (44) it is said that: “Albania today is called the whole of ancient Epirus as well as the southern provinces of ancient Illyria reaching the Rizonik Bay or the gorges of Kotor”. Marx writes: “Owning Durrës and the Albanian coast from Tivari to Arta … that people speaks the ancient Illyrian language which belongs to the great family of Indo-European languages” (45).

Colonel Lick (46) notes that: “Albania occupies the entire coastline east of the Ionian and Adriatic, included in the 39th – 43rd parallels”. Being in Epirus, he writes that: “… there affairs were regulated in the manner that was general in Albania”. Extending Epirus further north, Lick writes that: “Nothing can be more attractive and more picturesque than the view of the Gjirokastra Valley … the numerous villages show that it is one of the most flourishing regions of Albania”.

The scholar Spencer (47) makes a general judgment: “The names of a number of regions may be changed and included in other provinces, but the natural map of Albania cannot be erased by man, while the Christian and Muslim inhabitants are distinguished by the same features, customs, customs and the same language”. Dr. Holland determines the length of Albania at 250 miles; Lik gives 30 miles at the southern end and 100 miles in other parts, while the coastal boundaries are given by to Preveza and calls Sulin the extreme region of Albania.

He completes it more precisely by saying that: “Albania begins with a narrow strip of land from the Sulin mountains to the Vai of the Bay of Arta, expanding to a width that is difficult to determine”; and continues further: “The Bay of Arta may be called the main outlet for the southern part of Albania” (48).

Byron’s distinguished friend, Hobhouse, says that: “The borders of Albania end in the south at the Bay of Lepento, or according to some at the Bay of Arta … The whole area including Acarnania may not be mistakenly called Albania” (49). When he visited the village of Qestorat in Gjirokastra, he said of their houses: “…quite different from what we have seen in the Albania of today”. The same thing, but from a different direction, is defined by the English soldier Paton: “From Novipazar, 10 hours from the land of Montenegro … Albanian begins, which from here extends south towards Epirus” (50).

The scholar Erkhart (51) calls Ioannina: “The capital of the Cham tribes”. Hughes (52) defining Ioannina in Albania adds that to the latter “Arta e Lura can be added”. He further describes Konica as: “…one of the best mountains of the Albanian city … it has 5000 inhabitants, two thirds Muslim, 600 Albanian houses, 200 Greek”. Then he speaks of the bishopric of Gjirokastra as Drinopollis (today’s Dropulli) with the abbreviation of the name Fusha e Drinit (53).

Before me, writes Erckhart, when he came across the harbors of Arta, “lies the land of Pyrrhus, Skanderbeg and Ali Pasha Tepelena”. Also, during his visit, the scholar Doduell (54) writes that: “The Gulf of Ambracia separates Epirus from Acarnania and on its southern side is the beginning of Greece”.

‘Ottoman censuses were kept very precisely, as they were related to their economic and administrative interests on the occasion of the creation of the provinces. Epirus records 617 thousand people, of which about 120 thousand Greeks and 33 thousand Vlachs and the rest Albanians; that is, only one fifth Greeks. Statistics and the Sandzhak of Gjirokastra in the middle of the 19th century record 148759 inhabitants; of these 68915 Muslims, 60872 Christians, 18972 Greeks, no Vlachs (55). Chameria had 212 Christian villages and 80 Muslim ones. Statistics in my case in 1913 were 96%, but in 1940 they were 80% (56).

Pukëvili, known as a philohellen, writes (57): “I am very surprised and cannot understand how it happened that only the Albanian language is heard in Chameria, as if the Albanians were the natives here and not the Greeks”. Napoleon called the pashalik of Ioannina (58): “…a stable state with the population and customs of all Albanians”.

For this Albanian area, the Pope of Rome is appealed to to help Epirus, when he writes from Albania “for a part of the country … from the Gulf of Arta to the port of Vlora, including Manastir on the border of Macedonia and Mecova on the slopes of Pindus”. In the publications of Pukëvil (59) we read: “…with their great number, with their courage, zeal and activity, the Albanians would one day turn the page on Greece”.

The prominent Romanian scholar of Albanian origin Dora D’Istria (60), says about the Albanians in Greece: “Their selflessness and sacrifice were the greatest help in the Greek uprising for liberation. On the rocks and on the zeal of Parga are still found the remains of a people who gave their lives for the Independence of Greece. There are also traces of the blood of the martyrs”.

Ali Pasha’s contemporary, the Russian and present E. Golubinski (61), says about him: ”His homeland, the city of Arta, is not located in the Empire of Constantinople… but in a free Albanian principality. It was conquered by the Turks on 03/24/1449”. These statements confirm what Ali Pasha Tepelena freely said to the Frenchman Bessier: ”I call Butrint, Parga, Preveza and Vonica my home”.

Chameria is called the region of Albania that includes the provinces of Paramitha, Filati, Parga, Margelliq, Gumenica, etc. Topographically, ethnographically, folklorically, Chameria constitutes a non-special province of Albania” (62). The same is said later: ”Chameria is the southernmost part of Albania and provides data on the number of Muslims and Orthodox Christians”. (63)

The Greek historian Sathos (64) writes that: ”…in the Middle Ages Thesprotia is mentioned as a province inhabited mainly by Albanians”. The Italian Encyclopedia also gives such a definition (65): ”Thesprotia is the Greek name for Chameria”. Even at the Conference and Loussanos in January 1913, the representative of the Greek state M. Cacllamanos (66) in the heated debates about Albania stated: ”…the Albanians live in a completely defined Province in Epirus”.

What happened to all these Albanians in their Epirus? The “disintegration” of the denationalization by the Patriarchate and the Megalides motivated the prediction of the Greek diplomat Stefano Skouludis (67), expressed in a letter to the Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs on 02/18/1877, which states: ”…the Albanians Without a learned language, without a developed education, without a defined religion, will not be able to preserve their nationality for a long time, if we gradually defeated by the Greeks of Epirus”.

“O GAR THANATOS SOU ZOI MOU! The Greeks say, which in Albanian means: ”YOUR DEATH, MY GROWTH!”. A misfortune and an insult to Albanians and Albania, for the sacrifices it made for its southern neighbors. Later, what Noli the Great said happened: ”Those who were liberated by our blood and suffering are our worst enemies”(68).

After the French Revolution (69), a new era began. With the liquidation of feudal fragmentation, national wholes were born. One of the states that was born after this period is Greece (1831), which guaranteed its citizens civil and political freedoms in equal measure. Such clauses were defined by the Treaty of London in 1829 (70), of Paris in 1856 (71), of Berlin in 1878 (72), which are called ”Minority” tractates.

Until By 1914, no less than 30 such international tracts had been made. As mentioned above, Pukëvili (73) writes: ”The Chams live south of the Kalama River. Their district extends to Ioannina. Their main settlements are: Suli, Paramithia, Luarati, Margariti, Parga and Aggia”. Chameria, therefore, is an area inhabited by the autochthonous Albanian population. It constituted the main part of the Albanian national minority in Greece, in an area of ​​1950 km2, and was liberated from the Turkish occupation in 1912, at the same time as the whole of Albania.

The Congress of Berlin (1878), the London Conference (1913) and then the Florence Conference (74) that determined the borders of the southern and southeastern part of Albania decided that this Albanian territory would pass under Greek rule. It included 189 cities and villages with a population according to Turkish census of 1908 over 72,000 inhabitants.

After the Albanian-Greek border was determined by the Florence Protocol (75), the Great Powers asked Greece to withdraw the occupation troops from Southern Albania within a month. For personalized political reaction Greek with E. Venizelos(76), in known as a rabid anti-Albanian, prevented the withdrawal of Greek forces and manipulated the organization ”Autonomists of Northern Epirus” (77), and also with a wild terror they attacked Albanians who demanded the unification of their homeland.

On 02.03.1914, the Greek minister JK Zografos fought for the annexation of Southern Albania. He also became prime minister of the so-called ”Northern Epirus” with its center in Gjirokastër. But this ”Autonomous Zone of Northern Epirus” did not have a long life because it was opposed by the forces of the government of Vlorë.

The resistance of the people of this area led by the fighters Muharrem Rushiti, Alush Taka, etc. (78) defeated the Greek forces. In the later years of 1923 – 1924 and followed the policy of genocide, the expulsion of the Albanian population by forced combination with the Greek population. If you organize something like this, you will be terrorized by the father, you will be able to arbitrate, and you will not have an economic and budget with them encouraged and incited religious discord among the Albanians.

These inhumane actions that constitute serious crimes stand before the demagogic declarations of Greece about the alleged care and interest it shows for the national minorities living in the territory and say. For example, in the Treaty of Constantinople of 1881 (79), this took the province of Thessaly and part of Epirus, pledged to protect the national minorities.

The third article of the treaty states: “The life, property, honor, religion and activity of these areas given to Greece and which will remain under Greek administration must be carefully respected. They will enjoy the same political and civil rights as Greek citizens.” (80)

At the end of World War I, Greece signed in Servia (81) on August 10, 1920 the Treaty for the Protection of the Rights of Minorities to Language and Religion. After the failure of the Greek military campaign in Asia Minor, Greece was forced to sign on 01/30/1923 in Lausanne a Convention (82) for the compulsory exchange of Turkish citizens of Greek origin living in Asia Minor with Greek citizens of Turkish nationality living in Eastern Thrace.

To supervise the exchange according to the convention, a commission was appointed consisting of four Turkish members, four Greek members and three members elected by the Council of the League of Nations from among the citizens who had not participated in the First World War. These were appointed on September 17, 1923: a Dane, a Spaniard and a Swede.

Meanwhile, the Greek government continued its campaign of slander against Albania even though it had declared that it would not include the Albanians of Chameria in the exchange of the Turkish population. Such assurances were also given by the representative of Greece in Tirana. But the Greeks have been mentioned for their treachery and lack of correctness since ancient times.

Alexander the Great was there for the first time and is still here. And so their descendants do not keep their word, they sign and guarantee differently and act differently. Thus, thousands of Chams were expelled from their homes and sent by force ce in Turkey presenting them as members of the Turkish nationality (83).

Many times during this period the Albanians of Chameria addressed the League of Nations with protests and telegrams requesting from it the protection of their rights violated by the Greek government. At this time the Albanian government of FS Noli intervened with the Council of the League of Nations with a letter on 11 August 1924 where he wrote among other things: ”…It is also declared that every member of the League of Nations has the right, starting from a feeling of love, to draw the attention of the assembly or the council to any circumstance that violates international relations and that consequently risks disturbing peace or understanding between nations…”(84).

The Albanian government requested the Council of the League of Nations that the Greek government faithfully fulfill the pledge it had taken at the Lausanne Conference not to treat Albanians as Turks. You will receive a telegram to protest against this continued appeals to the Council of the League of Nations from the Cham leaders and the Albanian government, in December 1925 the Council invited the neutral members of the Commission to supervise the exchange of Greek and Turkish populations to become guarantors before the League of Nations for the protection of the Albanian national minorities. March 15, 1926, the Council and the League of Nations affirmed the issues raised by the Albanian delegate on 04.12.1925.(85)

The Greek representative in the Council of the League of Nations was warned and agreed to the suppression of the Epirus sub-commission and to stop the sending of 800 persons of the Cham population from the villages of Kardhiç and Dragomi who were prepared to be forcibly relocated. There is no partial victory for stopping the further relocation of the Cham population.

But nothing was achieved for the repatriation of the approximately 33,000 Cham Albanians who were forcibly displaced to Anatolia. The day and time will be sent to you for a short period of time. The Albanians, seeing that the declaration of the Greek government was not being implemented, repeated their request on 09.05.1928. This request was considered at the 50th session of the Council of the League of Nations on 05.06.1928.

This is not the first session of the delegates and it is not necessary:

1- The Greek government has not made any public declaration, so the various departments do not know that the Albanians are exchangeable and thus coercive measures continue to be taken against them.

2- The return of the properties taken from the Cham population in favor of the Greek refugees who came from Asia Minor.

3- Participation of the Cham population in elections as well as Greek citizens. According to the number of Cham population, two representatives were assigned to them while there was none.

4- Prohibition of expropriation contrary to the laws, which made Albanian peasants landless and without pasture.

5- Establishment of schools in the Albanian language.

6- Exemption from some excessive taxes, etc.”.(86)

Let us look and compare education on both sides of the southern border and how international acts have been implemented. The Council of the League of Nations, meeting on 08 August 1928, this discussion about the problem of the property of Albanians in Greece and their education, decided that the problem should be resolved through bilateral negotiations, according to international acts.

At this time, according to the testimonies of the investigative commission, the Greek minority in Albania had schools with its own teachers, with teaching in the mother tongue. There is no need for Greece where the Albanian national minority, twice as large as the Greek minority in Albania, did not have even a single school in the Albanian language.

Fan Noli is not the quality and it is written in the Albanian delegation to the League of Nations declared before the assembly in 1924: “Chameria, completely Albanian and annexed to Greece in 1913, has nothing to say, there’s nothing in the Greek language, there’s nothing in the Greek language…”.(87)

Even Venizelos himself (88) in 1924 before the League of Nations declared that in the area of ​​Epirus that also included Chameria there was no school for Albanian national minorities. This representative of

Greece, although he made promises before the Assembly, did not make any changes. In 1933 the New Constitution of the Albanian state was issued, which prohibited the functioning of private schools in Albania. Thus, Article 5 of the Albanian Declaration of October 2, 1912 was amended. As a result of the implementation of these provisions, 48 ​​schools were closed private schools of various types as well as 19 private foreign schools.

These schools were divided into: “21 Secular Schools, 14 Muslim Schools, 7 Catholic Schools, 6 Orthodox Schools”.(89) For the closure of the 6 private Orthodox schools, the Greek chauvinist circles, furious that the rights of the Greek minority were affected, filed a complaint with the Council of the League of Nations.

The Albanian delegate at the 14th session, on 18 January 1935, declared: “Albanian citizens belonging to racial, religious or linguistic minorities will enjoy the same treatment and the same t guarantee in law and in fact as well as all Albanian citizens. The education and upbringing of Albanian citizens is reserved to the state. Primary education will be compulsory and will be provided free of charge,…”(90).

After much debate, the Parliamentary Chamber of the International Directorate decided to ban private schools in Albania on April 15, 1935. It is worth noting that the Greek chauvinist circles made a big fuss about closing 6 Orthodox schools and dismissing two teachers. The Council of the League of Nations was presented with statistics of the time which show that: ”…the Albanian population had to go to school 4.8%, while for the Greek minority in Albania, at that time they went to 9.9%, of course the Albanian national minority in Greece did not have any schools. Courses in Greece in 1930 only 75% of children attended school with the Greek minority in Albania, with state funding 79.3%. (91)

In 1938 the Greek prefect in Chameria Andonaqas officially banned the use of the Albanian language in Chameria (92). All these extermination plans prepared the great tragedy, the greatest tragedy for the Chams in the years 1944 – ’45, where the Greek chauvinists killed thousands of Chams and forcibly displaced the Albanian population of the Muslim faith from their native lands (93).

Trying to leave behind (in oblivion) ​​the tragedies of the Cham lands and population, ”Omonia” continues its comedy forward with new claims; It seems to be implementing the statement of the Greek Minister Samaras in ”Neo Thesprotia” that: ”…the minority in Albania is our pillar on which we will rely for the future.” There is no clearer way to say it. If they take as an integration argument the fact that there was a Hellenic colony in Albania, then Abdyl Frashëri (94) says it well: “…that the Greeks should also claim Southern Italy, Asia Minor, Romania and Marseilles of France.

If they continue to raise the well-known and old territorial claims against Epirus, then, as Jani Vreto said: ”The graves of the fathers, the Albanian brothers, who fell for the freedom of the Greeks and who contributed no less than the Greeks to the establishment of the Greek Kingdom will tremble (95). Today’s Greece cannot be called a democratic state. It is anti-democratic, and we can rightly call it a medieval state.

The Greek state not only does not recognize the rights of the Chams, but it does not even allow them to visit their lands where their ancestors’ graves are. There is no law in the world that forcibly appropriates the land, house and wealth of The other. The Greeks have been exploiting the wealth of the Chams for decades.

But the Albanian boys and girls, who are forced to work for a living, why are their names and nationality changed and a black Orthodox cross hung around their necks? Why do they mistreat them like slaves? This question should also be asked to representatives of Europe, the USA, Japan, etc. This means that there will be no ceremony and 2500 people will be democratized in Greece since the 04th year of 1991.”

Sources and references (in Albanian)

1.”Correspondence de Lord Byron”, Paris, 18252. Z. Mirdita, ”Mitet dhe mitologjia në antikë”, Rilindja Prishtinë 1988, fq. 147
3. ”The memoirs of Ismail Kemal Bey”, London, 1920
4. Dr. Ali Hadri, “Historia e popullit shqiptar”, (për shkolla fillore), Prishtinë 1966, fq. 82
5. Po aty.
6. Po aty.
7. Sami Frashëri, “Dheshkronja”, Bukuresht, 1886
8. L. Uelavitch, “L’Albania”, Paris, 1902
9. T. Selenica,”Shqipëria në vitet 1927″, “Nezioni geografiche sul Albania”, Roma, 1902, fq.5
10. “Kosova” (OSHAPK.), Tiranë no. 20, 8 dhjetor 1991, fq.1
11. Dr. Muhamet Pirraku, “Ripushtimi jugosllav i kosovës”, fq.7
12. Dr. Muhamet Pirraku, ”Kultura kombëtare Shqiptare deri në Lidhjen e Prizrenit”, Prishtinë 1979, fq.11-20,

13. “Dielli”, no. 21/27, 1979
14. Mr. Kolë Krasniçi,”Roli i fesë në ruajtjen e identitetit dhe të harmonisë kombëtare te shqiptarët”,Vjenë 1996, fq. 56-58

15. Ahmet Hamiti, “Çështja shqiptare”, Koha, nr.14/1991, fq. 26 16. Liman Rushiti, “Stradanja albanskog Naroda na Kosovu” 1912-1918, Zagreb 1991, fq. 24
17. Dr. Muhamet Pirraku, ”Kultura kombëtare Shqiptare deri në Lidhjen e Prizrenit”, Prishtinë 1979, fq.6

18. Vjetari Statisticsor i Shqipërisë,1991, fq.12
19th Konferenca e Ambasadorëve (1912-1913), shih FESH, fq. 503
20. Po aty, fq. 812
21. Hansjërg Frëmmer, “The Illyrians”, Karlsruhe, 1988
22. HPSH, pjesa parë, fq. 46
23. Straboni, VII-5
24. Homer, “Iliada”
25. Lufta e Trojës, shih “Fjalor i mitologjisë”, fq.150
26. Po aty.
27. JG Fon Han, “Albanian Studies”, Vienna, 1854
28. M. Barleti, “Historia e jetës dhe e veprave të Skënderbeut”, Rilindja, Prishtinë, 1982.
29. Neoptolemi (Pirroja), shih. ”Fjalor mitologjik”, fq. 173
30. Johan Erik Tunman (1746-1778), “Investigations into the History of Eastern European Peoples”.

31. Aristoteli, “Politica”, Rilindja, Prishtinë, 1978 32. Po aty.
33. Po aty.
34. Po aty.
35. Po aty.
36. Po aty.
37. Agim Shehu, “Kombi”, no. 8,9,10, fq. 4
38. Martin PN Nilson, “Studies on the History of Ancient Epirus”, Monday, 1909
39. Po aty.
40. Lyber, “Fjalori i Antikiteteve klasike”.
41. Po aty.
42. A. Shehu, Po aty.
43. Bajroni, Po aty.
44. A. Shehu, Po aty.
45. “Manual for udhëtar në Greqi”.
46. ​​A. Shehu, Po aty.
47. Uilliam Martin Lik, “Travels in Northern Greece”, 1835
48. A. Shehu, Po aty.
49. A. Shehu, Po aty.
50. A. Shehu, Po aty.
51. A. Shehu, Po aty.
52. A. Shehu, Po aty.
53. A. Shehu, Po aty.
54. A. Shehu, Po aty.
55. A. Shehu, Po aty.
56. AH Stamboll, Po aty.
57. FCH Pukëvil (1770-1838), ”Voyage de la Greece”, Paris, 1820 i.e. Histoire de la regeneration de la Greece.

58. Napoleon, “Kujtime”, Bruksel, 1834 59. Pukëvil, Po aty.
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