The Pelasgians once played a major role among the Greeks, Herodotus often mentions them in his books.

Scattered throughout most of Greece, we see them passing through Argolis, Arcadia, from there going to Thessaly, and Asia. They build several fortifications in the Hellespont or Propontis, conquer the places on the Aegean coast between Caicus and the land then inhabited by the Ionians. We find the Pelasgians in Lesbos, in Dodona, in Aetolia, in Acarnania, in Italy in Umbria which is then called Tyrrhenia, in Thrace, in Athens, in Lemnos, etc.

This people, so widespread throughout the Mediterranean, this people who had become famous for plundering and who had left traces everywhere they had passed, had destroyed so many of the places they had conquered, that in the time of Herodotus and Thucydides there was none left, neither in Asia nor in Europe, except for a few miserable cantons, a few isolated places that attest to the Pelasgian splendor rather than their antiquity.

Their role played on the world stage seems to me important, which I believed would give them a place in this Essay on the Chronology of Herodotus and this chapter will be less noticeable as an extra- work where the father of history, Herodotus, often mentions the Pelasgians but in two or three places he says that the Athenians were of Pelasgian origin.

I therefore present to you here this analysis of the orogeny of this well-known people; we discover their various migrations, we try to give the approximate time when it happened, and finally we investigate whether the Athenians were of Pelasgian origin or not?

Where did the Pelasgians come from?

It is very surprising that the famous author Bosharti, who saw the Phoenicians everywhere, did not bring the Pelasgians from Phoenicia? But in his absence, Thoams Renésius, a distinguished scholar, published in Altemburg in 1650, a summary of the Punic language “linguae punicae” where he presents in chapter II XIV and XV; how the Phoenicians once populated the island of Thasos, near Thrace in the Aegean Sea, and from there they then passed to Attica and from there they took the name Pelasgians.

The first point, this hypothesis contradicts what Herodotus, the father of history, and all the historians who have followed this testimony of Herodotus, so is it beyond doubt?

And the second, Thomas Renésus, we can say that there is no author who mentions that the Pelasgians originally come from Phoenicia where Renésius does not give any trace of his citation, just to assure you that neither Denis of Halicarnassus nor Lucien say anything about this origin of the Pelasgians.

It would be best to look for the Pelasgians in Argolis, where the ancient authors almost all agree that there was the origin of the Pelasgians and that Inachius was the first ruler to rule in Argolis. I do not know by what name this country was known before, but it is certain that it did not bear this name that we mention as Argolis.

However, there are numerous signs that it was called Inachia, in the time of Inachius, according to the data of Etienne of Byzantium, he explains that, in the time of his son, Pherone had not yet taken the name Argolis when this prince Pherone gathered the first inhabitants or colonists and founded a city that he gives the name of Pherone. His children were called Apis, Eurotas and his daughter Niobe.

This princess Niobe, by Jupiter or by an unknown person, gave birth to two sons whom she called Argos and Pelasgus. The first of these, Argos, inherits Apis, changes the name of the country and calls it after himself; Argo-lidė, while the city first founded by his grandfather Ferone, he called the city Feronice where it takes the name Argos. This area, which was very little watered, was dry with a sterile land that was not enough to feed all the inhabitants of the country, part of this people had to look for new lands.

Prince Pellasgus goes to Arcadia at the head of these adventurers of his around the year -1896 BC. Phege, the son of Inakus had built there the city of Phègée 18 years earlier, this place was not yet called Arcadia, as I said, it is not known what name it had before, but it is known that it was inhabited by a barbarian (native) people that we will talk about in the next paragraph.

So these adventurers arrived en masse, they had no difficulty in ruling over these scattered populations who did not expect an invasion from a foreign ruler, they were immediately subdued, and here Pelasgius reigned in peace for many years and gave the name to this country Pelasgia.

Pausanias, who gives this opinion, does not convince us that much of this entire story is created according to the testimony of the poets.
Pelasgius ruled for about 20 years, and he had a son named Lycaon. However, this prince Lycaon was greatly shocked by the unpleasant traditions and customs of this newly conquered people, or the climate did not suit him; or the simplicity or inadequacy of his character, decided to move from this conquered country and settle somewhere else.

So in this search, while he was about to leave this land, news had come that Thessaly, which until then was a lake, had been struck by a powerful earthquake, so shocking that Mount Ossa had been separated from Mount Olympus.

The waters that had flooded this beautiful valley had emptied through this opening and this place very quickly emptied and the whole place dried up, immediately entire peoples around discovered these large fields that awaited this empty field and neighboring peoples to come and cultivate it.

This happened before Pelasgus died, who took advantage of this opportunity that promised him a future blessed land for all the peoples around, but no one had the courage to take it from Pelasgus, who had now taken it for himself.

His son Lycaon, who was still young to follow his father’s advice, left his father Pelasgus in Arcadia, took the adventurous Pelasgians with him and went to Haemonia, and populated a part of this country that is between Olympus and Pene, in the west bordering Mount Poeus and in the east to the Aegean Sea, here the Pelagiotides are formed, later known as Magnesia, this event occurred approximately around the year -1883 BC.

Were the Arcadians Pelasgians?

The Pelasgian took with him to Haemonia other Pelasgians who had followed him from Argolis, and there in Argolis there were none of them left, only the early native barbarians who had lived there before, a few were Pelasgians who had remained there among the locals, had built houses and finally merged with the other inhabitants with a barbarian majority.

It is therefore not suspected that there was not a small part of the Pelasgians left in Arcadia, because even Herodotus quotes in one place that the Arcadian-Pelasgians founded their colonies in Ionia, on the eastern shores of the Aegean Sea* in the famous Ionia of Homer. So an autochthonous Arcadian colony with a minority of Pelasgian allies. With this quote from Herodotus, you prove that all the Arcadians were not of Pelasgian origin but only a minority of them.

While Lycaon, the son of Pelasgus, remained and ruled over the barbarians in Arcadia, so did his son Nyctimus.

Nyctimus’s rule did not last long, he survived a revolution that changed the face of the country. Other adventurers, coming from Argolis, conquered Arcadia quite easily, just as the Pelasgians had taken it 70 years before. These conquerors from Argolis had as their leader Arcas, who was the son of Orchomenus, as Duris says in his book “The History of Macedonia”, that this Arcas was neither the son of Zeus nor the grandson of Lycaon by his daughter Calphisto, so this Arcas was the one who gave the name to the inhabitants of Arcadia and all the Arcadians, who had set out as an adventurer from Argolis and after a war the barbarians or the natives of Arcadia lost the war and were placed under the rule of the conquerors who came from Argolis led by Arcas and for evidence, Aristotle mentions this event in the Republic of Tegeates. This conquest took place around 1834 BC.

Without a doubt, it is about early antiquity, so it is about the time 222 years before Danai came to Argos, 264 years before the rule of Cecrops in Attica, and 285 years before Cadmus came to Boeotia.

But can we call this period so ancient according to the ideas so thick-skinned and feminine according to the epithet from Prosélenes, that supposedly these events mentioned above occurred “after the moon appeared”?

This distorted term for the Pelasgians who were said to “be there before the moon” has given rise to a large number of tales from ancient authors and above all has affected modern authors, to which we must say two words here;

Among these recent authors, of the present time, there are some who forget that Asia was the cradle of the world of civilization, where with his hand God had formed the first man, where then from there people were multiplied, then they were linked to all kinds of crimes until it comes to the last passion of God and one day he turns his back on people, covers the entire earth with all its inhabitants, only Noah’s family is saved who repopulates the earth, but these philosophers forget that these truths, trying to give them similarity to the foolish boasting of the Arcadians claiming that not only were they the oldest people on earth but even further, claiming that they were older, before the Moon existed.

So in this century that we pride ourselves on its “luminary” or light brilliance where in the bosom of this “company of the light of scholars” this strange phenomenon of this hymn has been reproduced “.
It was an opinion generally held by an Arcadian such as Mr. Dionysus in the middle of his “Passage of his Essay on Comets, where on page 184, he claims that his ancestors had inhabited the Earth, before the Earth had its satellite the Moon.

“This opinion about the Pelasgian Arcadians has been spread through Lucien”

These feelings are unimaginable from this famous philosopher who dared to describe them. It would be better to leave this story to the miserable authors who fabricate arrows with any kind of wood to weaken reliable evidence, and above all, it was not necessary to ignore the rule of Astrology, which is among the Works of Lucian, but which is not of this author, but of a weak writer, because if these Arcadian-Pelasgians call themselves older than the Moon, they are living out of their ignorance and arrogance and have said this foolishly.

Pelasgian Dodona, pre-Pelasgian?

Aristotle, the philosopher who included all the scholars of the time and before him, suggested that we beware of fairy tales, or of the creation of some imaginary prince, so that we be reasonable about these epithets. Aristotle teaches us in the Republic of the Tegeates that this country that we call Arcadia today, It was once inhabited by Barbarians, where the Arcadians, taking advantage of the darkness of the night, attack the barbarians before the moon rises,They were able to win the war against the barbarians, driving them out of the country.

Here we see the true origin of this epithet that supposedly “the Pelasgians were older than the Moon”. These few words testify that;

1) The Pelasgians and Arcadians were not indigenous to these lands but newcomers.

2) That these peoples had taken these old names after they settled in this place.

3) And that the inhabitants of this place were not Pelasgians but Barbarians but that Aristotle does not say their name.

But let us pause a moment and deal with assumptions; And what if these Arcadians were Pelasgians, just as it is proposed in some Memoirs that are read during a colloquium of the society of scientists, where according to them Arcadia was the cradle of the gods of Greece, and that this place served as the headquarters of their brilliant interventions in this region?

Let us assume further that with the author of these Memoirs that the Thessalian colony is later as we saw above, there was once a large lake here, and we saw how the Pelasgians, led by Pelasgus, were installed in these fertile fields as soon as they dried up, and after settling here they brought the cult of the Gods, wrapped in all kinds of imagination, and from Thessaly, the land of the field as fertile land that they became masters, from here they spread this cult once in Dodo, where they then went and settled?

So who can know the faith of the Pelasgians who settled in Dodo?

It is true that they addressed prayers through this well-known oracle, their gods, offered sacrifices, offerings, but they had not yet given the name to this place or to this oracle to any god because they had never heard what these gods were called.

The Pelasgians heard this name of Dodona very late, only after these names were brought from Egypt.

They were so unconvinced in accepting the name Dodona that came from Egypt that they first asked the sacred oracle before accepting it.
If the Pelasgians had no knowledge at this time about the tales of the local Arcadians, this would mean that the Pelasgians were not Arcadians but autochthonous inhabitants, pre-Pellagians.

And as for the tales, which we attribute to Arcadian origin, to prove the antiquity of this people, let us say with great pain, that in Arcadia the Sun gave birth to Jupiter and Neptune, etc, up to Homer, As for Homer, this poet who masterfully mixed his verses from all the mythology of his time, does not mention these Gods anywhere.

We have proof, therefore, that the place called Arcadia was not inhabited by Pelasgians but by pre-Pelasgians, otherwise called by Greek authors, barbarians.

2). The invasion of the Pelasgian people in this country was quite short,

3). That the Pelasgians did not serve mythology and far from it were not its creators, but adapted the Egyptian cult only according to the authorization of the oracle of Dodona.

As we see above, the Pelasgians enter Haemonia led by their chief Pelasgus, how he conquers these lands, how he implements laws, how he has created a government, separated from other peoples according to the nature of the country, and concentrated on themselves, the Pelasgians had no mixture with other neighboring peoples.

‘This Pelasgian development did not present anything interesting and did not add any attention to their neighbors, the barbarians, so history has not transmitted to us anything interesting about them if this new Pelasgian horde had not invaded and completely changed the country.

So these Pelasgians who arrived, led by their chief Pelasgus, Achaeus and Ptius, the three sons of Neptune and Larissa, conquered Thessaly and expelled the old settlers from the country, who also came from Argolis, which was a mountainous, dry and sterile land and could not feed its inhabitants.

These three brothers, probably descended from a royal family, could not become kings for them, because their birth was illegitimate, so they set out to find new lands. to realize their ambitions and create a state of their own.

The Pelasgian invasion was not erased from the memory of the people of Argolis, who did not serve our knowledge at all in this knowledge. Haemonia made it possible for them to enrich themselves with these new fields and crops, it offered them security even though they could not resist the Pelasgians at first, But seeing the great interest in this fertile land, the Argolids conquered this land, that is, Haemonia, the future Thessaly, and the Pelasgians were scattered in all directions after 156 years of residence in these lands.

Expelled and scattered, this Pelasgian colony, without knowing where to go, except for some who had gone to Thespoti, to Dodon. It is true that no author speaks of this retreat of the Pelasgians from Thessaly to Dodon, but we can get a quote from Herodotus and another from Denys of Halicarnassus; Herodotus speaks of an Egyptian woman who was sold as a slave and taken to Thespotia, we learn that this country was called Pelasgia.

How did this Egyptian woman know that that country was called Pelasgia, when the Pelasgians had not yet settled there in Thespotia?

We do not find in any place that they settled there except at the time when they fled from Thessaly, that is, from this attack or revolt of the Argolids and expelled the old Pelasgian colonies.

And Dionysius of Halicarnassus explains this; “When Deucalion expelled the second colony of the Pelasgians, most of them withdrew to Dodon, near their parents.” As can be seen here in Dodona there was also another Pelasgian colony that had settled earlier in Dodon, that is, those who had been displaced from Thessaly.

If we observe more carefully here the darkness spread over these old times, we are very pleased to find a point of light from which we can take our uncertain steps.

This new Pelasgian colony grew and developed over a period of five generations; However, starting from the sixth generation, that is to say around the year -1541 BC, the Pelasgians were expelled from Dodona by the people called Kurrets and Leleges, from that time called Aetolians, who came from the vicinity of Parnassus led by their chief Deucalion, the son of Prometheus.

From this time the Pelasgians were scattered in different places.
This sudden invasion by Deucalion did not allow the Pelasgians to return again from where they had fled.

Some of them passed from Thespotia to Crete, others to a part of the Cyclades, some of them went to Histiaeotides, some to Boeotia and Phocis, some also passed to Asia, occupied the shores of the Hellespont, as well as to Lesbos, but the majority returned again to Dodo to their people, who had come there before as we explained, the old Pelasgian colony.

We are following Denis of Halicarnassus once again; this historian, fearing that he was straying from his purpose with this narrative, does not say a single word more about these various migrations.
We now turn to what other authors say, on this issue of Pelasgian migrations, to Strabo and others.

Pelasgian diaspora in the Aegean

Strabo tells us that the Pelasgians founded a colony on the island of Crete, relying on Homer in the Odyssey. Ulysses, when he tells Penelope about his long journey, tells her that the inhabitants of Crete did not all speak the same language, there were the Athenians, the indigenous Cretans, who were proud men, there were the Sidonians and Dorians who were divided into three tribes and the “great Pelasgians.”

When the Pelasgians arrived in Crete after the invasion of Deucalion as mentioned above, around 1541 BC, they had not come in large numbers here in Crete as we see from the testimony of Homer, they are counted as the last. On this island of Crete they preserved their freedom for almost a century, no population ruled over the other, until after 125 years from their expulsion from Thessaly and the entire Balkans today, around 1415 BC, when Tectamus, the son of Dorus or the grandson of Hellen, descends to Crete with the Aeolians, subjugates all these peoples and reigns over them.

The Pelasgians never mixed with others. In Crete, no sign of them after this quote about the Pelasgians is found in any other historian.

The neighboring people of the Cilicians of the Trojan plain were the Pelasgians, as Homer sings, “Hippotis led the famous Pelasgian troops” who “lived in the fertile plain of Larissa, they knew for their leaders Hippopotua and Pikeus, who came from Mars and the son of the Pelasgian Letus, who was descended from Teutamis.

Thus Strabo testifies through Homer’s verses that the Pelasgians lived on the border with the Cilicians and were called Lyrnesians which extended from Caicia to the border with Ionia in Asia, that is to say in the place where the Aeolians have long lived now, who settled here in this region since Deucalion had expelled them from Thessaly as we have noted above.

Since these Pelasgians were enemies of the Achaeans, or Greeks, they came to the aid of the Trojans. However, 567 years after they had been expelled from Thessaly and Dodona As we saw above, 96 years after the fall of Troy, they were forced to give way to the Aeolians who were much more powerful, so together with the Dorians they conquered part of Asia Minor, expelling the Leleges and Pelasgians from the land they had been there for 567 years since their escape from Thessaly.

The Pelasgians are found even earlier than the Trojan War in Cyzicus, at the time of the Argonauts, that is to say around the year 1350, when they were called Dolions. When they heard that these Argonauts were descendants of the Thessalians who had first passed there with their ship, in order to take revenge they attacked them, but the king of Cyzicus intervened and was killed in this intervention.

Later, other Pelasgians also arrived in Cyzicus, who are called in history the Tyrrhenian Pelasgians, who were expelled from Tyrrhenia from the Lydians, they take refuge in Attica; from Attica they pass to Lemnos, which means that they were expelled after a long time and some of them retreat to Sisyphi.

These Tyrrhenians who came from Lydia join these inhabitants who had previously come there and thus form a common people and are called Pelasgians.Here again, Greek colonists approached Cyzicus and slowly emerged, some merging with it and some of them moving away and losing their traces from this place.

As we have mentioned above, according to Denis of Halicarnassus, the Pelasgians migrated to Boeotia, this is also evidenced by Strabo when he says that “the Pelasgians joined the Thracians, founded a canton of their own around the year 1536, that is, after they were expelled from Thessaly by Deucalion, they returned to Boeotia, 60 years after the fall of Troy, that is, in the year 1210 BC. When the Boeotians returned from Thessaly, they expelled these Pelasgians who had settled in one of their cantons.

The Pelasgians then, having nowhere to go, found refuge near other Pelasgians, the Tyrrhenians who had come a year before to Attica where the Athenians had given them land around Mount Himes.

Denis of Halicarnassus adds here that some of the Pelasgians who had been expelled by Deucalion as early as the year 1541 BC, had settled in Histieotids, but in the part of Magnesia, in the vicinity of Olympus, but even there they do not remain calm because the Lapites come and expel them from Magnesia, as Jerome says.

The island of Lesbos served as an asylum for the Pelasgians who had fled from Thessaly. It was a deserted island called Issa, based on the evidence that opposite it was AntiIssa, the other smaller island, so, after the Pelasgians came here to Lesbos, this island was given the name Pelasgis. In all likelihood, these were the Pelasgians who had fled from Cilicia, so they were the Lyrnonians of Homer, driven by the Aeolians, who found refuge on this island.

However, these Pelasgians of Lesbos never managed to become powerful, as we see even 400 years after their stay on this island, again pursued by the Aeolians who come and settle here and found the city of their Lesbos. The Pelasgians retreat to the outskirts of the scattered and isolated city.

The Pelasgian diaspora from Dodona passes to Italy

We have said at the beginning of the last paragraph that the greater part of the Pelasgians who had been expelled from Thessaly found refuge in Dodona and that they did not stay there for long, they soon noticed that they were under the maintenance of the old inhabitants of Dodona and that the country could not help them to keep all these refugees on their shoulders, so they moved from there, after consulting an oracle, they went to Italy, which was called the land of Saturn.

After being equipped with a considerable number of ships, they crossed the Ionian Sea, with the aim of landing as close as possible to the coast of Italy, but since they did not know the country well, a storm coming from the Mediterranean directed them towards the north of the Adriatic and ended up at the outlet of the Po River in Italy.

There, as soon as they land, all those who were unable to withstand further fatigue remain near their ships, but also to ensure their retreat if their venture into new lands would not be successful.

Those who remained at the mouth of the Po River, stay there for a while, build a stone fortification and, seeing that no one disturbs them, they founded a city and call it Spina, after the name of the bay where they stopped.

This city played for a short time great importance in the development and prosperity among all the other cities of the Ionian Sea and remained for a long time the master of this sea.

But finally the neighboring indigenous people one day attack them fiercely, they leave the city, retreat in an unknown direction. This is how this colony of this group of Pelasgians that had entered Italy ended.

While the other Pelasgians who had taken the short land route from the Po river delta, as we saw above, crossed the mountains and reached the lands of the Ombrians. These Ombrians were once an old and powerful people, covering a considerable area in Italy.

They were neighbors of the Aborigines, whom Denis of Halicarnassus thought were the same as the Oenotriens. The Pelasgians, as soon as they reached these lands, took part of their land, but also some cities around.

As soon as they received this news, the Ombrians gathered their forces and attacked the Pelasgians. Threatened by enemies all around, the Pelasgians retreated to the Aborigines. But the latter were not any gentler than the Ombrians at all, they gathered and wanted to attack them, while the Pelasgians were unarmed, they went towards them, holding olive branches in their hands as a sign of prayer.

This wise behavior of theirs strengthened the Aborigines and they gave land to the Pelasgians and made an alliance with them against the Sicilians who harassed them with frequent wars.

The lands that they had allocated to the Pelasgians were not enough for all this people, they attacked the Ombrians, together with the Aborigines and took part of the country. Increasingly, with the help of the Aborigines, they became powerful and attacked the Sicilians with such a fierce attack that the Sicilians lost hope, gathered their women and children, gold and all the wealth they possessed and left the country to the Pelasgians. This happened, according to Thucydides, three centuries later than the Greeks had begun to establish their first colony in Sicily.

This Greek colony is the one led by Teucles, where on this occasion he founded the first city of Naxos in Sicily, that is to say around 769 BC, and by calculating back three centuries, we determine that the Sicilians arrived in Sicily, based on the data of the historian Teucles, they came to Sicily in 1059 BC.

Unfortunately, we regret this hypothesis, but at this time there were no Pelasgians in Italy at all, because they had all fled to Attica 30 years ago. This means that the Sicilians retreated to Sicily even earlier than the time Thucydides presents to us. And for this reason we have decided to take the testimony of Denis of Halicarnassus, who, relying on the testimony of Hellanicus of Lesbos, places the migration of the Sicilians three generations before the Trojan War, that is, 26 years of the reign of Alcyone in Argos, while other authors such as Philistus place the migration of the Sicilians 80 years before the Trojan War, that is, around 1550 BC, with a difference of 20 years.

As I said, the Pelasgians had never before been as enlightened as in this land that they occupied from the Sicilians. Everything was going well for them according to their wishes, but this achievement of theirs also creates other aspirations.

The Pelasgian diaspora returns to Greece

Never before have the Pelasgians excelled as much as in this place that they took from the Sicilians, where the latter, as I said, fled to Sicily and there they created a new country that is still called Sicily today.
Everything was going well for the Pelasgians in Italy, in the region of Tuscany, but still, even here they did not stay as they should because the greed=thirst for having more wealth pushed them to the point of losing control.

A nation that is generous agrees with itself that it was good, while its opponent treats it with contempt, it is filled with vengeful feelings and waits for the right moment for this tumult to erupt one day whenever. This opportunity did not delay and came.

The Pelasgians were shocked by these extraordinary disasters that came to them as a punishment from the gods. Their fertile fields no longer yielded a single grain of grain, as if God wanted to punish them for their cruelty towards their neighbors, or perhaps the earth itself no longer produced enough fruit for the needs of all this people who perhaps lacked cultivators?

A terrible famine gripped their country, then came contagious diseases that took a good part of the youth who were the hope of this people.
Now their dogs, sensing that the moment of revenge had come, suddenly attacked them and completely destroyed them.

The Pelasgians were no longer able to unite, they were scattered in all directions, except for a small number that remained for a while in Italy, under the care of these Aborigines. Those who escaped turned to the oracle to obtain the necessary advice on what to do for the survivors.

The Oracle’s answer was harsh; they had not implemented the laws imposed by the god, who had asked them for a winter, alms, with the donation of cattle and grain, but even this did not help the Pelasgians, again hunger and disease took their toll.

Finally, all the people gathered in a general assembly to discuss the oracle’s answer.

As soon as they gathered in the assembly, one of their elders from this assembly stood up and told the others that you did not understand the answer that the Oracle had given us correctly.

He also demands a reward for our children, the wise old man told them.

Thoughts about the sacrifice of children started to the point of breaking up this assembly, but once again they sent their priests to the oracle but again the answer of God was; may your children be forgiven.

The Pelasgians were now forced to either make this sacrifice or leave the country, they had no choice.

The chieftains had decided to abandon the country, although most refused, but in the meantime, a surprise came in the midst of this misfortune that they could not bear.

The Lydians and their chief Tirrenus, one of the king’s sons, was forced to take to the sea and leave Lydia, which had also been gripped by drought and famine in this country of Asia Minor, after many vicissitudes they landed in Italy in the lands of the Ombrians.

It is known that Denys of Halicarnassus expresses this desire, contradicting the idea of ​​Herodotus who said that the Tyrrhenians were not Lydians but indigenous to Italy, although he is the only author who says this, but Tacitus, another author, reports a decree from the Etruscans that gives the stamp of Herodotus’s feelings. However, these Tyrrhenians or Lydians, land on the land of Umbria in Italy around 1341 BC, or a century before the Trojan War.

The Pelasgians who were tired of previous misfortunes as well as numerous migrations, were unable to prevent these Lydians from settling in the lands of Umbria. After 135 years, the Lydians grew stronger and were ready to attack the Pelasgians, their country was now called Tyrrhenia, after their Lydian leader, while these Pelasgians were too weakened to resist, tired from migration, from hunger, in the end only a handful of people remained.

They listened to the oracle with wisdom, took their wives and children and all that they had most dear and boarded the ship and arrived in Attica near Athens. This migration was called the Tyrrhenian diaspora, and we will call them so in this note to distinguish them from the other Pelasgians.

The Return of the Pelasgian Diaspora to the Illyrian Peninsula

After coming from Tyrrhenia, this group of Pelasgians who returned to the Illyrian Peninsula after 150 years since they were first expelled by Deucalion from Thessaly and then from Dodona, now return to Attica near Athens and settle with the consent of the locals.

The Athenians had not yet entered the wars of literature and science, this fame that came to them later, distinguished them from all other nations. But they had one thing more than the others, that here among this people the religious faith had begun to take root. In their country the cultivation of the land had begun and had spread further in all directions.

They had established laws and were valued as the most honest people in Greece and they called themselves Athenians. Touched by the misfortune that had befallen these Tyrrhenian Pelasgians, the Athenians received them with kindness and distributed to them lands on the outskirts of Athens, near Mount Himeta with conditions, that they build the wall of a part of the castle where it was later called the Pelasgian walls.

These conditions were moderate and easy, that these Pelasgians at the head led by their Agrolas and Hyperbius, built the wall and on the other hand as a reward they were engaged in the cultivation of the lands with skill.

While these Pelasgians, who had been driven from Italy, were busy building the wall and clearing the land around Mount Himeta, they were joined by other Pelasgians, who, having been expelled from Thessaly by Deucalion 150 years ago, had at this time found refuge in Boeotia, and had joined the Thracian invasion, which drove out the old inhabitants of this country.

So these Boeotians, forced to leave their country, went and found refuge in Thessaly, where the Hellenic inhabitants received them and gave them land, as we have said above; in the fertile lands where the Pelasgians had first settled, led by Pelasgus, their chief, who were then expelled to Dodo and further to Italy. The Boeisians now lived in Thessaly and had established their first settlements.

They lived in these lands for about three centuries, and finally these Boeisian refugees were expelled by the local Thessalians. They were forced to return from where they had come, to their Boeisian, but when they saw that it had been conquered by the Pelasgians and some Thracians, they were forced to leave Boeisian.

Now they, not knowing where to go, turned to Attica to these Pelasgians of Italy, whom the Athenians had accepted and divided their lands.

After these Pelasgians, expelled from Boeotia, joined this colony, they began to develop so rapidly that they even had other aspirations, occupying high positions among the Athenians and almost becoming masters over the Athenians and not being hindered at all by them, the Pelasgians returned to their previous state, reaching their peak. This people, who knew no law except from the strong, began to harass the Athenians.

Luxury at that time had not yet reached the city of Athens, the people were not distinguished by their simplicity and tradition, slavery was still unknown, because the inhabitants served themselves, only the children had been taught to fetch water from the springs of Kalirro. This spring, whose name was known for its good water that flowed from the stones of the Heimet mountain not far from the city.

Pisitrat had undertaken great works where through pipes he had distributed this source to nine different neighborhoods of Athens called Eneakrunos. The Pelasgians were accustomed to their most brutal passions, they abused their children, and not satisfied with these evils, they had made plans against the government, they wanted to seize it and rule over them.

When the Athenians understood this trick, they took up arms and went towards the Pelasgians and expelled them from the country in 1162 BC. So they had come from Italy to Attica in 1209 BC and were expelled from the country after 47 years.

Hecataeus of Miletus tells this story differently, which is a little more dishonest for the Athenians because it testifies to all the injustices against them. The Athenians, says Hecataeus, had noticed that the territory they had given to the Pelasgians 47 years ago had turned into a fertile garden that had once seemed worthless to them, they had decided to take this fertile land and expel the Pelasgians from the country for the sole reason of jealousy.

The Pelasgians were also expelled from Attica, they finally took refuge in Lemnos.

They split into two groups, one group led by their chief Agrolas, and the other group followed Hyperbius, since when they had reached Athens these were the first to begin the construction of the Pelasgian moats, they passed from Attica to Sicily, and from Sicily to Acarnania. Nothing is known about the fate of this group of Pelasgians who had returned from Sicily to Acarnania, it is likely that they merged with the inhabitants of Acarnania, so that this clone did not continue to develop.

The other Pelasgians, who were more numerous in this group, settled on the island of Lemnos. This island was previously inhabited by the local inhabitants called the Minyans, who descended from the Argonauts, who, after being welcomed by the women of the place, had repopulated this island with a new population.

They had lived thus peacefully on their island for more than two centuries when suddenly, they were invaded by this group of Pelasgian bands. They did not manage to resist them, they took their children and women and fled from there and settled in Laconia, in the year 1160 BC.

The Pelasgians were expelled from Lemnos

Even though they found a new land on the island of Lemnos, the Pelasgians did not retreat from the idea of ​​revenge against the Athenians who had violently expelled them, now they were making plans to attack the Athenians. The Pelasgians knew very well the festivals of their enemies, namely the festival of Diana in Brauron.

This city was not far from Mount Himes where they had lived nearby for more than 57 years, so they knew this place very well, they loaded onto ships and secretly set a trap near Brauron, kidnapped a large number of these Athenian girls and kept them in Lemnos where they also made them wives.

Many children had been born from these Athenian women, but the Pelasgians had prepared a shocking macabre revenge, they had to massacre all these children born from these women of their Athenian enemies as well as their mothers, they burned them all together.

Confined to this island, in addition to cultivating the land, the Pelasgians also engaged in other kidnappings of Thracian ships, their neighbors. The only thing that history has shown us about this people was the punishment that this people had to receive for these crimes that they had committed in Lemnos. Soon the lands of Lemnos, these fertile fields, no longer bore fruit, had become sterile.

They had sent a missionary to the oracle of Delphi, but the god had advised them that they must give an account to Athena for the act they had committed against their women by burning all their children, they sent an advisor to Athens, to ask for forgiveness and prayers on how to wash away the crimes they had committed.

The Athenians had set up a bed in the courtyard, with all the good things that existed, and they had also prepared a table near the bed with all kinds of meat and vegetables, they said to these Pelasgians advisors;

“You give us Lemnos in this condition, how is this table here with these foods”

“Okay, we will surrender it to you,” the Pelasgian advisors replied. “On one condition; “If one of your ships manages to sail only during the day when the north winds blow, if you do, we will surrender Lemnos to you.” This is how the Pelasgian advisor replied.

The Pelasgians, unable to resist the Athenian naval fleet led by Miltiades, dispersed to different places in 515 BC. Some of them went to Asia, founded the cities of Plakias and Skilakia, others took refuge in the southern part of Mount Athos, and built several small towns. Some of them had remained in these places even in the time of Thucydides and Herophotus, where according to them they had still preserved their Pelasgian language in this place near Athos, but another colony had gone to Thrace, to the city of Kreston, and for that they called it Herodotus Kreston as the city of the Pelasgians.

Although Denis of Halicarnassus mistakenly confuses it with the city of Cretone in Umbria, Italy, which leads other historians to the same mistake..

The End of the Mystery of the Pelasgian-Etruscan Language

Based on the latest analyses and following all the journeys that the Pelasgian diaspora overcame, we can finally conclude this theory with the conclusion that; The origin of the Pelasgian and Etruscan languages ​​derive from Albanian, and not as was thought until now that Albanian derived from the Pelasgian and Etruscan languages.

So, the data and analyses of these researches give completely opposite results to those assumed until now, we can say that we were all on the wrong track.

According to these researches after many years, I think that all authors to date have been deceived in this regard, thinking that the Albanian language derives from the Pelasgians, a people of ancient and mythical for which their exact place of arrival has not been determined today from a distant place in Asia that according to Robert D’Angely, in “Enigma” he mentioned that their early place was present-day Turkmenistan.

However, after recent analyses, we can freely say that it is the opposite of these theories so far;

Knowing that, the Pelasgians, later when they were expelled from the Balkans with the appearance of the Hellenes, the Pelasgian diaspora found refuge in Italy, where this population remained there under the name of a Rasna confederation that the Greeks later called Etruscans.

However, before the Pelasgians fled from the Illyrian peninsula to Italy, this diaspora had already spent more than 355 years among the local peoples in our peninsula, since their emigration in the 19th century BC, where at this time, the Greeks or Hellenes had not yet appeared in this region, in fact their presence only from 1541 BC, led by the famous chief Deucalion.

This also proves the other reason why the Etruscan language had nothing in common with Hellenic.

While this Pelasgian diaspora remained in our midst for centuries, it learned the language of the local inhabitants, namely the Albanian language, which was of the same family as the Thracian language, where then this Pelasgian diaspora, coming from distant Phoenicia, was assimilated, adapted to the language of the barbarians, forgetting their language of Phoenician origin, although according to Robert D’Angely, the Pelasgians had this peculiarity that they communicated bilingually, within their family their Phoenician language of origin while with others the language of the locals, namely the Thracian language, which was close to today’s Albanian, while the Pelasgians who lived in the plains of Pannonia, in contact with the ancient Getae, this group of Pelasgians therefore spoke the Getae and Phoenician languages.

So when this diaspora was expelled by the Hellenic invasions with their chief Deucalion in 1541, where they also conquered Thessaly, this Diaspora found refuge in Dodo, and there it learned the language of the locals, that is, the Albanian language.

As we see; there is no other mystery about this Pelasgian-Etruscan-Albanian connection

So, neither the Etruscans nor the Pelasgians have anything in common with the Albanian origin, except for this connection of the language that they took from us and then the Pelasgians spread through their diaspora that was dispersed in Italy, Tuscany and later, all over Asia Minor and the Aegean islands where they were always on the move, in search of a new homeland.

A concrete example; let’s take the island of Lemnos

When the Pelasgians were expelled from Tyrrhenia (Italy) they found their only refuge in Attica, a suburb of Athens, and after a while they were also expelled from Attica, and their only refuge was on the island of Lemnos. They settled there in 1050 BC and stayed until 510 BC.

But the end had come, after almost 500 years of staying in Lemnos, the last Pelasgians were also expelled from Lemnos, they were definitely dispersed, they lost their traces in history as a wandering people where they carried their secrets with them forever.

Conclusion

The Albanian language and the Albanian people are an indigenous people in the Balkans, a people of the Dinaric race that extended from the north of the Adriatic to Attica, and with the subsequent migrations of various populations and settlers from the East, this indigenous population began to shrink more and more, finding refuge in the high altitudes of the Albanian mountains, the coast of the Ionian and Adriatic Seas to the Dinaric Alps.

With the beginning of the settlement of the first settlers or the Pelasgian culture since the 5th millennium, based only on the data of the transfer of a new cultural development such as the spread and development of agriculture, which is known through this population, historians and scientists assume that it is about the Pelasgian migrations towards the Balkans since 4500 BC.

Anthropology has proven that Albanians are descended from this ancient branch of early inhabitants from whom the Illyrians and perhaps even the Thracians descend, we can say that we are an indigenous people of Illyrian and not Pelasgian origin, where above we have given the analysis of how this colony that came from the East after a few centuries of migration among the indigenous Albanian population began to adapt to our lands until it learned and began to speak Albanian.

The Pelasgian diaspora was assimilated but preserved their original traditions and culture from their countries of the Far East that no one today has the possibility of determining from which country these Pelasgian colonists came, but on the contrary it can be proven and proven that they came from distant Asia and that no family connection is observed in this analysis between the Albanian origin that is true to be local since before history and the Pelasgian colonies that migrated to the Balkans relying on the authors’ data from antiquity as well as from the latest scientific sources, we can finally say freely that only the linguistic borrowing that the Pelasgian settlers received from the locals influenced the spread of the Albanian language even further after the Pelasgians were expelled from the Balkans in the 16th century BC.

Source

Herodotus’ History 1802

Explanations

Molops = Molossians, the only autochthonous inhabitant of the Albanian Epirote Dinaric race.

The source is from a scholar and scholar of ancient peoples, and not from an author or book writer, analyzing and describing in detail step by step the movements of the Pelasgian diaspora from their cradle of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, the Caucasus, passing through Anatolia, Cyprus, Canaan, Palestine and Egypt until they came to our peninsula and stayed only 350 years and fled to Italy. We no longer have any Scytho-Pellagians in the Albanian people.